Lithuanian public healthcare is insurance-based through PSD, not automatic for every foreigner who lands at Vilnius Airport (VNO). You need a lawful stay basis plus an insured status the VLK system recognises. Once cover is active, point-of-use costs stay low; budget the gaps in Healthcare costs.
Who is entitled?
Employees usually join PSD when the Lithuanian employer registers them with Sodra after residence rights and an asmens kodas exist: Apply for a residence permit. Confirm status on the VLK DPSDR tool rather than assuming a border stamp created cover.
Self-employed people, some permanent residents without work, and other listed categories pay monthly PSD contributions themselves. Non-EU students on temporary residence often need private insurance for the permit file and do not automatically sit inside PSD until employment or another insured basis appears. EU movers with a valid European Health Insurance Card can use it for necessary care during temporary stays, but resident working life expects Lithuanian PSD once you are compulsorily insured here.
What do you do after cover starts?
Choose a primary healthcare institution that contracts with a Territorial Health Insurance Fund and register with a family doctor (šeimos gydytojas). Covered services with required referrals then follow VLK rules without the old surcharge pattern on PSDF-paid care. Keep e-health and portal access ready with Smart-ID.
Finish address declaration so clinics and Sodra letters reach you. First-month sequence: Paperwork after moving. Fold premiums and private dental gaps into Monthly budget.
Common misconceptions
Assuming a residence card alone equals free GP visits forever fails. PSD insured status still has to show as active.
Assuming EHIC replaces resident PSD for a long Vilnius posting also fails. EHIC covers temporary necessary care; local employment cover is the resident path.
Summary
Activate PSD through Sodra employment or self-paid contributions, check DPSDR, then register with a family doctor at a VLK-contract clinic. Keep private insurance until that status is live.
Sources
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